Graphite mafirita zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinoumbwa negraphite sechinhu chepakati uye chakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvekubatsira zvinongedzo. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuisa chisimbiso, lubrication, magetsi conductivity, uye corrosion resistance. Basa ravo repakati rinoenderana zvakanyanya nekuumbwa uye chiyero chezvikamu zvavo zvikuru, kunyanya kunaka kwegraphite pachayo uye zvinowedzera izvo zvinosanganiswa nazvo.
Graphite: Chinhu Chikuru cheGraphite Fillers
Graphite ndicho chikamu chekutanga chegraphite fillers, inowanzo sanganisira 60% kusvika 95% yezvese kuumbwa, neiyo chaiyo chikamu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Ese ari maviri echisikigo uye ekugadzira graphite anogona kushandiswa seyakabikwa, asi mamicrostructures avo uye zvivakwa zvinosiyana. Natural graphite (yakaita seflake graphite) ine jira rekristaro rakaturikidzana rine mabhondi asina simba, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kudzima, zvichiita kuti pachezvake{4}}kuzora. Kusiyana neizvi, synthetic graphite (seyakakwirisa-temperature calcined petroleum coke{7}based graphite) inogaro kuchena uye ine hutsvina hushoma, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda kusimba kwekemikari kugadzikana.
Graphite yakanakisa zvivakwa inoita kuti ive yakakosha filler:
1.
Kuzvizora-kuzora: Graphite layers inotsvedza zviri nyore pakati peimwe, ichideredza kusakara kana pakaoma kana kudzika-kuzora.
2.
High Temperature Resistance: Graphite inogona kushanda zvakadzikama kusvika kunosvika 450 dhigirii mumhepo uye kunyange kupfuura 3000 dhigirii muinert gasi.
3.
Kemikari Kugadzikana: Graphite inoratidzira kumira kwakanaka kune mazhinji emakemikari media, kunze kweakasimba oxidizing acids (yakadai seyakaomeswa nitric acid uye sulfuric acid).
4.
Conductivity: Graphite ine yakanakisa yemagetsi conductivity, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuvharisa chisimbiso kana antistatic application.
Zvekubatsira Zvisungo: Kiyi yeKuvandudza Kwese Kuita
Kunyange zvazvo graphite iriyo chikamu chikuru, pure graphite fillers anowanzo tamburira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemamiriro ekushanda akaoma. Naizvozvo, zvinongedzo zvekubatsira zvinowanzowedzerwa kuti zviwedzere kuita kwavo. Zvakajairwa zvekubatsira zvinhu zvinosanganisira:
1. Binders (senge resin, rabha, kana simbi oxides)
Mabhainda anowedzera simba remuchina uye kuumbwa kwemagraphite mafirita, achiita kuti aenderane nemaitiro akasiyana ekugadzirisa (sekuumba, extrusion, kana impregnation). Semuyenzaniso:
• Resin binders (zvakadai sephenolic resins uye epoxy resins): Zvinowedzera kuoma kwechizadziso uye kusagadzikana kwemakemikari, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kuiswa chisimbiso.
• Rubber binders (zvakadai se nitrile rubber uye fluororubber): Kuvandudza kushanduka uye kushandiswa kwekuisa chisimbiso, kwakakodzera kudzorera kana kutenderera zvisimbiso.
• Metal oxides (sezinc oxide nealuminum oxide): Vandudza kuyerera kwemafuta uye -kuramba kupisa kwepamusoro.
2. Kusimbisa faibha (zvakadai sekabhoni faibha, girazi faibha, uye aramid faibha):
Kuti uvandudze simba remagetsi uye kupfeka kuramba kwemagraphite mafirita, mafiritsi ekusimbisa anowanzowedzerwa. Semuyenzaniso:
• Carbon fiber: Inobatanidza kusimba kwepamusoro uye yakakwirira-kuramba tembiricha, inokodzera kumusoro-tembiricha nepamusoro-nzvimbo dzekuvharisa.
• Girazi faibha: Mutengo wakaderera uye inonatsiridza kusada kubvaruka kwemuzadziri.
• Aramid fiber: Inopa yakanyanyisa kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kusimba kwesimba, yakakodzera kune yakanyanyisa kushanda mamiriro.
3. Solid Lubricants (seMolybdenum Disulfide uye Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE))
Mune kumwe kukwira{{0}kuremerwa kana kuderera{1}}kumhanya kwekukurumidza, graphite inogona kusapa mafuta akakwana, saka mamwe mafuta akasimba anowedzerwa:
• Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂): Kuita kwakanakisisa pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye mitoro yakakwirira, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete negraphite.
• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): Iine yakanyanya kuderera coefficient of friction uye inokodzera kuiswa chisimbiso maapplication anoda kushoma friction.
Kugadziriswa Kugadziriswa kweSpecial Graphite Fillers
Iko kuumbwa kwemagraphite fillers kunogona kugadzirwa kuti ienderane neakasiyana maapplication:
• Corrosion-Resistant Graphite Fillers: Metal powders yakadai senickel nesirivheri inowedzerwa kunatsiridza acid uye alkali resistance.
• Conductive Graphite Fillers: Graphite kuchena kunowedzera uye poda yemhangura kana carbon nanotubes inowedzerwa kuwedzera conductivity.
• High-Purity Graphite Fillers: High-purity (>99%) synthetic graphite inoshandiswa kuderedza kusvibiswa, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesemiconductor uye maindasitiri enyukireya.
Graphite mafirita anonyanya kuumbwa negraphite, nekuita kwakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nesainzi kuenzanirana kwezvinhu zvekubatsira senge mabhainda, mafiber ekusimbisa, uye mafuta akasimba. Kushanda kwekupedzisira kunoenderana nerudzi rwegraphite (yakasikwa kana yekugadzira), kuchena kwayo, uye kusarudzwa kwezvakaumbwa zvikamu. Nekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri, kuumbwa kwemagraphite fillers kuchawedzera kukwenenzverwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemuchadenga, maindasitiri esimba nemakemikari, nepamusoro-midziyo yekupedzisira.
